The heart is a beating muscle that continually pumps blood
to the rest of the body. The coronary arteries supply the
heart itself with the necessary oxygen and nutrients it needs
to function effectively.
Over time, fatty deposits called plaque can build up inside
the arteries, clogging the passages. This buildup compromises
the ability of the arteries to deliver oxygen and nutrients
to the heart.
A balloon angioplasty may be performed to open the narrowed
arteries. A small incision is made in the thigh, and a guidewire
is inserted into the femoral artery and threaded to the site
of the blockage.
A catheter, holding a deflated balloon, is then guided to
the blockage. The balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque
and enlarging the opening of the artery. This allows blood
to flow normally. The procedure may be repeated if the plaque
build-up returns.
Following angioplasty, a stent may be inserted to prevent
the artery from re-closing. A stent is a wire-mesh tube mounted
on a deflated balloon catheter. The catheter is guided to
the blockage site and inflated. The stent expands and adheres
to the artery wall. The catheter and guidewire are removed,
and the stent remains in place.
